Lean Principles

The main principles of Lean are:

• Focus on customer needs – Prioritizing value as defined by the customer.
• Pull system – Producing on demand rather than using a "Push" system.
• Waste elimination – Removing waste at every stage of the process.
• Visual management – Using visual tools to manage and monitor processes.
• Continuous improvement (Kaizen) – Constantly seeking ways to improve processes.

These principles form the foundation of sustainable and flexible production systems.

1. Martins, B., Silva, C., Silva, D., Machado, L., Brás, M., Oliveira, R., ... & Lima, R. M. (2021). Implementation of a pull system–a case study of a polymeric production system for the automotive industry. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 29(4), 253-259.
2. Kathem, A. S., Al-Kindi, L. A., & Al-Baldawi, Z. (2023). Adopting Value Stream Mapping as a Lean Tool to Improve Production Performance. Engineering and Technology Journal, 41(6), 793-806.